Usually security protects the computer owner from attack, but sometimes the computer owner is the potential "enemy". For example, in digital rights management the owner of a computer platform is motivated to break its security to make illegal copies of protected digital content. In mobile agent applications sensitive electronic transactions are performed at untrusted hosts.

With the proliferation and increasing usage of embedded, portable and wearable devices, in addition to protecting against attacks from malignant software, we also have to be concerned with physical attacks that corrupt data, discover private data or violate copy-protection. In this presentation key concepts towards a single-chip secure processor are dicussed. This includes new ideas regarding memory integrity checking, processor architecture, and controlled physical random functions.